Controlled heat release pad

ABSTRACT

A pad, capable of formation into a roller, contains a heat generating formulation, the temperature of which can be controlled. Upon addition of water, the heat is generated at the predetermined rate for a period of time sufficient to provide a temporary setting of hair.

United StatesPatent 1 1 3, 2,181

Garrett [s41 coN'lRoLLED HEAT RELEASE PAD. 2,185,799 1/1940 Blake m14.62/94 [72] Inventor; William GMYN k, N. 2,814,288 11/1957 Reik....l26/263 ew Y 1,899,286 I 2/1933 Meagher ..l26/263 [73] AsslgneezFlairescence Ltd., New York, NY. 2,173,683 9/1939 Goldfarb et al..l32/36.2 22 Filed: Dec. 21, 1970 2,239,410 4/1941 Bonat ..l32/36,2

[21] Appl. No.: 100,031 Primary Examiner-Gregory E. Mancene AssistantExaminer-Gregory E. McNeill 52 US. Cl. .;-..132/31 R Kurucz [51] Int.Cl. ..A45d 2/00 [57] ABSTRACT [58] Field of Search....l32/3l R, 9, 36.2,7; 126/263;

128/821; 62/94 A pad, capable of formation into a roller, contains aheat generating formulation, the temperature of which 5 I ReferencesCited can be controlled. Upon addition of water, the heat is generatedat the predetermined rate for a period of UNITED STATES PATENTS timesufficient to provide a temporary setting of hair.

2,150,598 3/1939 v Bonat ..132/7 1 a Claim, 5 Drawing Figur s 451 Aug.8, 1972 Patented Aug. 8, 1972 FIG.

FIG. 4

BY 0% I :1, ATTORNEYS CONTROLLED HEAT RELEASE PAD CROSS-REFERENCES TORELATED APPLICATION This application is related to my co-pendingapplicatron, Ser. No. 79,447, filed Oct. 9, 1970.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The setting of human hair, a proteinaciousmaterial, either by waving or curling, is a subject which has receivedconsiderable attention. A variety of electrical devices and materialsare presently marketed to accomplish hair setting in a variety ofmanners. Some of the devices presently marketed for this purpose areheated so as to more easily accomplish the setting of the hair which,because'of its proteinacious nature, will set when wrapped about aheated roller. In particular, various electrically heated rollers havebeen manufactured but these provide obvious drawbacks because of thenecessity for electrical current.

Other devices have been provided which utilize machineless orcold-waving methods for permanent waving of the hair, and these alsohave drawbacks because of the general requirement that chemicalcompounds, particularly caustic compounds, be brought into directcontact with the hair and scalp of the user.

Prior patents have described other types of pads, such as padsparticularly employable forpermanent waving of hair, these padsutilizing heat chemically generated within the pad. One example of sucha prior patent in US. Pat. No. 2,239,4lO-Bonat. However, because thematerials described in this patent do not provide for a controlled heatgeneration, there was often an excessive generation of heat. In thosesituations where the pad is employed as a roller to set the users hair,there is the danger of injury to thehair and/or scalp of the user. Inother situations, there was no assurance of the correct heat to provideproper setting of the hair, as when the hair is formed as a wig.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In my co-pending application, previouslyreferred to, I have described a structure and formulation for a heatgenerating pad to be used in setting human hair. The formulation andstructure provide for controlled generation of heat, for a controlledperiod of time, so'

that the hair may be set without injury to the hair and/or scalp of theuser. In accordance with the present invention, l have developed aseparate formulation which, through proper variation, can be employed toform a pad similar to that described in my co-pending application, wherethe temperature generated by the composition is such as to allow forsetting of human hair without injury to the hair or scalp of the user,or to provide a pad which can be used for setting hair not attached tothe users scalp, i.e., a wig. In the latter case, because the hair isnot directly attached to the users scalp, higher temperatures may beemployed. However, even in these cases, too high a temperature mayresult in damage to the hair or hair-like filaments which constitute thewig and, accordingly, control of the temperature generated is important.Further, as is obvious, if the temperature of the roller is notsufficiently high, or is not generated or maintained over a sufiicientperiod of time, then inadequate setting will result.

In accordance with the present invention, the formulation is prepared intwo parts. The first part, in essence, is the material which providesthe heat when actuated by water. However, the second part acts as anactivator for the first part. Thus, the amount of the second partemployed controls the temperature generated by the pad and variation ofthe amount of the second part employed, with relation to the first part,acts to detemiine the use to which the pad can be put. I.e., smalleramounts of the second part will provide for a pad, capable of formationinto a roller, which can be applied directly to human hair and to ahuman scalp. Increased amounts of the second part, on the other hand,provide for a pad, capable of formation into a roller, which is moresuited to use in setting wigs, where a higher temperature is desirable.

In addition to the particular formulation, my invention contemplates aparticular pad structure. The formulation employed according to thepresent invention, is in powder form. Accordingly, my inventioncontemplates the use of a multi-layer pad structure where at least oneof the layers is corrugated so as to retain the heat generatingformulation in place. Proper formation of this corrugation will also actto assure that the correct amounts of the heat generating formulationare.

contained within a given pad.

. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the accompanying drawings,

FIG. 1 is a plan view, partially broken away, of the pad of the presentinvention:

FIG. 2 is a sectional view along the line 22 of FIG.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF'THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to thedrawings, the various layers of the pad of the present invention areillustrated. In particular, this pad includes a metal foil layer 1, alayer of stiffener paper 2, and a corrugated sheet 3 within which theheat generating formulation of the present invention is contained.Overlying the corrugated layer, and more particularly that side of thecorrugated layer in which the heat generating formulation 4 iscontained, is an absorbent layer 5. A portion of the metal foil layer,near an edge, is provided with a pressure sensitive adhesive 6 and anon-blocking paper covering 7 which prevents adherence of thispressure-sensitive layer to a further surface until the desired time.Surrounding each of the edges of the pad is a synthetic resin strip 8which acts to hold the various layers together and also acts to preventloss of the heat generating formulation contained within thecorrugations of layer 3. In addition, strips 9 of the same syntheticresin overlie portions of the pad in order to aid in retaining the heatlayer 1, preferably an aluminum foil, acts as a heat conductor so as todistribute the heat evenly over the surface of the roller. Preferablythe thickness of this aluminum foil layer is about 0.35 mil. Of course,there may be some variation in the thickness of the foil layer and thefoil may be from about 0.1 to 1 mil, or more, in thickness.

The stiffener layer is preferably formed of a -point, relatively stiffpaper, such as Kraft paper. stiffener layer provides the necessarydimensional stability after the padhas been formed into a roller, andfurther acts toretainheat, I r In many instances, it will be desirableto form the stiffener layer and the foil layer as an integral sheetprior to formation of the pad. Thus, a layer of Kraft paper may becoated with a thin film of metal, such as aluminum, by a variety oftechniques known in the art, including the lamination of two layers.This combined sheet would thus form both the stiffener layer 2 and foillayer 1 of the pad of the present invention. In either event,thestifiener layer is preferably about 10- mils thick and the'thicknessof this layer may vary from about 5 to 25 mils. x

The carrier layer 3 of the pad is the layer which holds the heat'generating formulation. As previously discussed, and as indicated in thedrawings, this layer is I a corrugated layer. The heat generatingformulation of t the present invention is held within the corrugation onthe side opposite the foil layer 1 and stiffener layer 2. In

When the heat generating pad of this invention is not to be applieddirectly to the human scalp, i.e., when the pad is to be employed insetting or curlinga wig, for example, then the amount of activator, PartB, may be increased. In that situation, there is an approximate l to 1ratio of Part A-and Part B. Variations in this ratio are permitted andthe ratio may vary from l:0. l to l:l.l of

Part A to Part B. From about 12 to 17.5 grams of the mixture is thenemployed for each 2 %inch by 2 54inch ad. a p The controlled heat pad,for application directly to human hair, will begin to generate vapor,after application of water to absorbent layer 5, in about one-halfminute. The maximum temperature of l35'l50"- F. is quickly attained andthis'temperature is maintained for a period of about 15 to minutes. Withthe pad for application to wigs, a temperature of l60-l 80 F. isattained in about 1 lminutes. This temperature is maintained for fromabout to 40 minutes. The temperatures and times set forth above havebeen found to be the ideal for setting, respectively, human hair and wighair or filaments.

In Part A above, the potassium perrnanagate is employed in the form of afinely comminuted powder.

This acts as an oxidizer for the iron powder which is 1 also a heatconductor and distributor. The iron powder,

preferably, is of a size which will pass a US. No. 50

general, this corrugated layer 3 can be formed of any material whichdoes not react with the heat generating compound, either before orduring reaction, and which is. capable of being heat bonded to the toplayer of the pad, as will be later described. In general, this carrierlayer can be formed of cellulosic paper having a thickness of about 5 to10' mils, preferably about 7 to 8 mils. j

The heat generating formulationof the present invention, as previouslyindicated, is formed in two parts. Part A comprises the followingcomponents in the amounts indicated:

Material Amount Potassium Permanagate 0.5-l.0 part Powdered lron l0-l5parts Cupric-Oxide 0.25-0.50 part Tartaric Acid 5-8 parts Part B of theformulation aids in activating Part A.

The constituents of this component are:

' Material Amount Silica 50-60 parts Aluminum 9.5-l2 parts CupricSulfate l0.5-l2 parts Sodium Nitrate 5 5-7 parts 10-12 parts SodiumChlorate sieve. The cupric oxide is a catalyst for the reaction of self,employed in powder form. The tartaric acid is important in modulatingthe heat generation of the formulation and is also employed in the formof a powder.

With regard to Part B, the silica acts as an inert material fordistributing and dispersing the remainder of the formulation. Thealuminum powder, as the iron powder of component A, actsas a heatconductor and also aids in generation of heat, as .does the cupricsulfate which is employed in its anhydrous form. The sodium nitrate actsas a catalyst and the sodium chlorate, employed in a finely comminutedform, acts as an oxidizer in the same manner as the potassiumpermanagate of Part A. The ferric oxide and sodium chloride areadditional stabilizingagents.

Part A and Part B are mixed in the desired proportion, as indicatedabove, and arethen fed in a dry state to the corrugated layer 3. Theymay be applied in any manner so as to obtain a uniform distribution ofthe powder within the corrugations in the amounts indicated. Forexample, a doctor blade may be employed,

or any other manner of placing the powder within the papers which can beemployed are those manufactured I by C. H. Dexter Company under Numbers24 and 313.

They are 14 No. papers generally having a thickness of from about 6 to15 mils and a water absorption capacity exceeding 0.2 gram per squareinch. A test for the paper involves a modification of ASTM Standard D726-43T. In this modified. test, porosity is defined as the averagenumberof seconds for displacement of 400 four thicknesses of thematerial. Employing this test,

the porosity of the absorbent layer 5 employed should be from about 0.5to seconds, preferably about 5 seconds on a Gurley densometer.

Following formation of the pad with the layers described, the edges ofthe pad, and some portions in the center of the pad, are crimped asindicated in the areas 8 and 9. This crimping is to provide for easierapplication'of a bonding resin which, after application, aids inretaining the dimensional stability of the pad. The resin employed isgenerally a thermoplastic resin adhesive which is placed on the pad inthe desired form and the entire pad is then heated to soften the resin,following which the pad is pressed to bond the resin. Upon cooling, aseal is effected. The resin should be one which will maintain the sealat temperatures above 200-220 F. so that the seal is not broken upongeneration of heat. Included among resins which can be employed for thisuse are polyvinyl resins, particularly a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetatecopolymer. Additionally, a properly plasticized cellulose derivative canbe used.

To employ the pad described in accordance with the foregoing disclosure,it is formed into a roller in the manner illustrated in FIG. 5.Specifically, the pad is bent into a roll form. As an added convenience,a cylindrical form (not illustrated) may be employed. The blocking paperlayer 7 is removed and portion 9 of the pad surface is applied over thepressure sensitive adhesive 6 and firmly pressed so as to bond this edgeto the pressure sensitive layer and thus complete formation of theroller. In place of the pressure sensitive adhesive, other means ofjoining one end of the pad to the other for formation of the roller canbe used. Such means include the formation of a slot through the entirepad with a tab formed on stiffening layer 6 which is inserted within theslot. Other methods of holding the roller form will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art.

After formation of the roller, water is applied to the inner, absorbentsurface layer 5. This water reacts with the heat generating formulation4 carried within corrugations of sheet 3. Within to l lminutes,depending upon the type of pad employed according to this inven tion,heat generation begins. This allows sufficient time for properly windingthe users hair or the fibers of a wig about the formed roller. Heatgeneration continues for a period of time, as previously disclosed. Thisheat is sufficient to create a temporary set in the hair, but thetemperature is not sufficiently high to injure the pad, a certain amountof heat control is also obtained through the inherent structure of theroller which allows heat to be dissipated into the surrounding airthrough the openings in the ends of the roller. If it is desired thatthis heat be retained for an additional period, a cap can be used.'Inthat situation, the rollers are formed as indicated and the hair woundabout them. The absorbent layer of the pad is wetted, employing anaerosol type spray for wetting, and the cap is then placed over the headfor the desired period of time. Since, inherently, the formulationdescribed will generate a temperature only within the desired range,

defined in the appended claims.

lclaim: 1. A pad for use in hair setting and adapted to generatecontrolled amounts of heat upon the application of water comprising:

hair or scalp of the user, when using the controlled heat ture os thepad rises above 135 F. Such materials may include proteins to enhancethe quality and appearance of the hair.

In addition to the controlled heat provided by the specific constructionand formulation of the present a. a first layer adapted to distributethe heat and maintain the dimensional stability of the pad;

b. a second layer, adjacent said firstv layer, but

separated from said heat distributing area, including a heat generatingformulation capable of generating heat, following the application ofwater, at a controlled rate for a period of time sufficient totemporarily set the hair, said formulation being formed in two parts,said first part consisting essentially of potassium permanganate, ironpowder, cupric oxide and tartaric acid; and said second part comprisingsilica, aluminum, cupric sulfate, sodium nitrate, and sodium chlorate;and

. an absorbent layer adjacent the side of said second layer carryingsaid heat generating formulation, and adapted to receive water forcontact with said heat generating formulation.

2. The pad of claim 1 wherein said first layer is formed of two distinctmaterials, the first a heat distributing foil and the second a Kraftpaper.

3. The pad of claim 1 wherein said second part also contains ferricoxide and sodium chloride.

4. The pad of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the first part of said heatgenerating composition to the second part of said heat generatingcomposition is approximately 20:1.

5. The pad of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the first part of said heatgenerating composition to the second part of said heat generatingcomposition to the second part of said heat generating composition isfrom 1:0.1 to 1:1.1.

6. The pad of claim 5 wherein said ratio is l: 1.

7. The pad of claim 1 having, in addition, a protein material, inert atroom temperature but generated at a temperature of at least F.

8. A pad capable of generating heat at a controlled rate for a sustainedperiod of time upon the application of water comprising:

a. a first layer adapted to distribute the heat and maintain thedimensional stability of the pad; aluminum, sodium nitrate 8 partcomprising silica, aluminum, cupric sulfate, sodium nitrate and sodiumchlorate; and r c. an absorbent layer adjacent the side of said corrugated layer carrying said heat generating formulation, and-adapted toreceive water for contact with said heat generating formulation. I

Patent No. 3,682,181 Dated August 8, 972

Inventor(g) William Garrett It is certified that error appears in theabove-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are herebycorrected as shown below:

At Col. 1, line 32, change "in" to-is-;

Col. 3, after line 40, change "Permanagate" to- Permanganate"-; 7

Col. 4, line 24, change "permanagate" topermanganate;

line 30, change "permanagate" to-permanganate;

line 43, change "managate" toma.nganate--;

Col. 5, line 63, change "0s" to-of;

claim 5, delete line 567 Col. 6, claim 8, line 66, delete "alu.";

delete line 67; and

Col. 7, claim 8, line 6, change "permanagate" topermanganate-.

Signed and sealed this 23rd day of January 1973..

(SEAL) Attest EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting OfficerCommissioner of Patents FORM Do-1050 (10-69) USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 v1 us.GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: I9" O366-334

1. A pad for use in hair setting and adapted to generate controlledamounts of heat upon the application of water comprising: a. a firstlayer adapted to distribute the heat and maintain the dimensionalstability of the pad; b. a second layer, adjacent said first layer, butseparated from said heat distributing area, including a heat generatingformulation capable of generating heat, following the application ofwater, at a controlled rate for a period of time sufficient totemporarily set the hair, said formulation being formed in two parts,said first part consisting essentially of potassium permanganate, ironpowder, cupric oxide and tartaric acid; and said second part comprisingsilica, aluminum, cupric sulfate, sodium nitrate, and sodium chlorate;and c. an absorbent layer adjacent the side of said second layercarrying said heat generating formulation, and adapted to receive waterfor contact with said heat generating formulation.
 2. The pad of claim 1wherein said first layer is formed of two distinct materials, the firsta heat distributing foil and the second a Kraft paper.
 3. The pad ofclaim 1 wherein said second part also contains ferric oxide and sodiumchloride.
 4. The pad of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the first part ofsaid heat generating composition to the second part of said heatgenerating composition is approximately 20:1.
 5. The pad of claim 1wherein the ratio of the first part of said heat generating compositionto the second part of said heat generating composition to the secondpart of said heat generating composition is from 1:0.1 to 1:1.1.
 6. Thepad of claim 5 wherein said ratio is 1:1.
 7. The pad of claim 1 having,in addition, a protein material, inert at room temperature but generatedat a temperature of at least 135* F.
 8. A pad capable of generating heatat a controlled rate for a sustained period of time upon the applicationof water comprising: a. a first layer adapted to distribute the heat andmaintain the dimensional stability of the pad; aluminum, sodium nitrateb. a corrugated layer, adjacent said first layer, but separated fromsaid heat distributing area, having contained within the corrugationsfurthest from said first layer a heat generating formulation formed intwo parts, said first part consisting essentially of potassiumpermanagate, iron powder, cupric oxide and tartaric acid; and saidsecond part comprising silica, aluminum, cupric sulfate, sodium nitrateand sodium chlorate; and c. an absorbent layer adjacent the side of saidcorrugated layer carrying said heat generating formulation, and adaptedto receive water for contact with said heat generating formulation.